• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:AT510063A1
    申请号:T10252010
    申请日:2010-06-21
    公开日:2012-01-15
    发明作者:Hans-Juergen Dipl Ing Brandt；Ingwald Dipl Ing Dr Obernberger
    申请人:Windhager Zentralheizung Technik Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    * *
    ≫ ≫ "I" "I 't I f k". 4 * 4 - r-14935
    The invention relates to a furnace for the combustion of solids, in particular pellets, with a primary air supply and at least one secondary air supply.
    Conventional solid fuel combustion systems release relatively high NO x and dust emissions, unlike with liquid or gaseous fuel fired furnaces, which means that similarly low emissions can not be met or can only be met with elaborate exhaust aftertreatment equipment.
    Commonly known and widely used in practice are firings for solid fuels in which the combustion air is supplied in two spatially separated areas in order to optimize the quality of combustion. Wood gasification boilers for firewood furnaces, for example, are fed once with fuel, incinerate this fuel with supply of a first amount of air incomplete in a Glutzone in the bottom area - with the feed fuel by gravity down into this Glutzone slips - and subsequently the incompletely burned gases directly from the primary Glutzone forwarded to an afterburner zone below or in the side area for complete combustion, in which case the second air supply takes place.
    EP 2 077 311 describes a device for the gasification of biomass, wherein the gasification takes place by the heat released during the combustion of biomass without direct connection of heat source to the gasification material.
    From WO 2006/117579 Al it is known to perform the gasification and combustion of pellets in the combustion chamber of a boiler, wherein the amount of air, the amount of gas and the thickness of the pellet bed are controlled so that the adjusting temperature below the melting point of the produced ash remains. However, the ember bed (in variable height) is in direct contact with the combustion chamber, which experience has shown to be associated with high dust emissions.
    Furthermore, combined heating and carburettor ("semi-carburettor") from the publications CN 201043760 Y and CN 101059248 A are known, but both can perform the gasification process only incomplete or not with the necessary spatial distance.
    From the website www.pyro-man.net, it is also known to gas pellets fuel and direct the combustion gases to a burner. Are carburetor and burner part spatially relatively widely spaced, so this has the
    Disadvantage that the connecting line between carburetor part and burner part by low temperatures tends to Verteerungen.
    The object of the invention is to reduce the NOx and dust emissions in a furnace of the type mentioned in the simplest possible way.
    According to the invention, this is achieved in that the furnace is formed with at least two separate combustion zones, namely at least one first combustion zone for the solid fuel and at least one second combustion zone for the gasified solid fuel, wherein the first combustion zone in a substantially tubular carburetor part and the second combustion zone is arranged in a burner part having at least one burner, and wherein preferably the burner part is placed on the carburetor part.
    The height of the carburetor part can be at least twice the diameter of the carburetor part in the small power range (<= 30 kW), preferably the diameter of the carburetor part is at least 100 mm.
    The height of the carburetor part can be at least one and a half times the diameter of the carburetor part in the middle power range (> 30kW to <= 100kW), preferably the diameter of the carburetor part is at least 125 mm for this power.
    The height of the carburetor can be at least the simple diameter of the carburetor in the high power range (> 100kW), preferably the diameter of the carburetor at this power is at least 150 mm.
    According to the invention, it is provided that a charging device for the heating material is arranged in the upper region, preferably in the upper third of the Vergaserteeeies, wherein preferably the feed opening in the jacket region of the Vergaserteediies is arranged approximately in the region of a maximum filling height of the heating material, preferably the second combustion zone of Burner part for the combustion of the gasified solid fuel between 50 to 1000 mm after the maximum filling level of the solid fuel in the direction of the combustion gases is arranged perpendicularly, obliquely or laterally of the fuel bed, preferably vertically above the fuel bed. The distance depends on the type of fuel (material, water content, piece size, etc.) and the power range of the furnace. For wood pellets in the power range of 5-20 kW, it is for example in the range of preferably 80 - 300 mm.
    The area between the fuel bed and the combustion zone is by direct or indirect energy input through the primary and secondary combustion * 4
    heated zone, with the temperatures in the stationary operation with highest and lowest performance between 200 and 500 ° C.
    The gasification is achieved mainly by the energy generated in the primary combustion zone, but also by the direct or indirect combustion heat in the burner part placed on the carburetor,
    At least one primary air supply is provided in the bottom region of the carburetor part. Furthermore, it is provided that the burner part has at least one lateral secondary air supply in the region of the second combustion zone.
    A further air supply can be arranged in the region of the jacket of the carburettor part and / or above the secondary air supply.
    In the bottom region of the carburetor part, an ash disposal device is arranged.
    The fuel is introduced in countercurrent principle in the shell part, wherein as a result of heat generated in the bottom half of the carburetor in substoichiometric combustion by the supplied from below primary air gasification of the top third fuel supplied above the primary combustion zone, but below the fuel bed surface takes place. Between the primary combustion zone and the gasification zone there is a transition zone in which no significant chemical or physical reactions take place. The fuel gas is then burned stoichiometrically or superstoichiometrically in the burner part with the supply of secondary air, with particularly low dust and NOx emissions are released.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS.
    1 shows a furnace according to the invention in the small power range installed in a boiler for use as a heating system in an oblique view, Fig. 2, the furnace in a first side view, Fig. 3, the furnace in a second side view, Fig. 4, the firing in one Section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, the firing in a section along the line VV in Fig. 2nd
    The illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 according to the principle of a countercurrent gasification furnace 1 comprises a boiler body 2 with a carburetor part 3 and a burner part 4, wherein the burner part 4 is placed on the substantially tubular carburetor part 3. The burner part 4 may have one or two burners 4a, 4b.
    The height Hv of the carburetor part 3 is at least twice as large as the inner diameter Dv of the carburetor part 3. The inner diameter DB of the burner part 4 in the exemplary embodiment is approximately the inner diameter Dv of the carburetor part 3, but can also be significantly larger or smaller, for example , adapted to the respective performance or to the respective solid fuel.
    The carburetor part 3 has a first combustion zone 11 (primary combustion zone) for the solid fuel, wherein in the lower third of the carburettor part 3 a primary air supply 6 and an ash disposal device 5 are arranged in the bottom region. A second combustion zone 12 (secondary combustion zone) for gasified solid fuels is arranged in the burner part 4, wherein the burner part 4 is equipped with one or two burners 4a, 4b .. Each burner 4a, 4b has a lateral first secondary air supply 7a, 7b, through the Combustion chamber wall are passed into the second combustion zone 12 for the gasified solid fuel. Optionally, a further secondary air supply 8 may also be provided in the region of the jacket 3a of the carburetor part 3.
    In the upper region of the carburetor part 3, a charging device 9 is provided which conveys solid fuel from a container into the carburetor part 3 up to a maximum filling height h.
    Particularly low NOx and dust emissions can be achieved if the distance a between the maximum fill level h and the combustion zone 11 for the gasified solid fuel is between about 50 mm to 1000 mm. The distance cc is measured between the maximum filling level h and the center line 7 'of the secondary air supply 7a of the adjoining the carburetor part 3 burner 4a.
    The solid fuel formed for example by fuel pellets is introduced, for example, with a stoker screw not shown on the charging device 9 in the carburetor part 3 to the maximum filling level h. In the carburettor part 3, the solid fuel is gasified by heat preferably generated in the first combustion zone 11 for the solid fuel, wherein in the lower part of the carburettor part 3, for example 5 cm above the bottom of the carburettor part 3, an air ratio λ of about 0.3 is established. The resulting ash in the decomposition of the fuel ashes is removed by the ash disposal facility 5.
    The stinging in the gasification fuel gases are burned in the burner 4a of the burner part 4 with the supply of secondary air, wherein the first burner 4a, a second burner 4b can be connected downstream. The exhaust gases containing only small amounts of nitrogen oxides and dust are subsequently used correspondingly energetically. In the present example, the exhaust gases are passed in known manner via heat exchanger not shown in detail in a boiler body 2.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    • * »* * * * * * # * * · I» '*

    1. Firing with at least one burner (4a, 4b) for the combustion of solids, in particular pellets, with at least one primary air supply and at least one secondary air supply (7a, 7b, 8), characterized in that the furnace (1) has at least two formed at least a first combustion zone (11) for the solid fuel and at least a second combustion zone (12) for the gasified solid fuel, wherein the first combustion zone (11) in a substantially tubular carburetor part (3 ) and the second combustion zone (12) is arranged in a burner part (4) having at least one burner (4a, 4b), and wherein preferably the burner part (4) is placed on the carburettor part (3).
    [2]
    2. Furnace (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second combustion zone (12) between 50 to 1000mm above the maximum filling level (h) of the solid fuel in the carburetor part (3) is arranged.
    [3]
    3. firing (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fleas (FHV) of the carburetor part (3) at least the simple, preferably at least twice the inner diameter (Dv) of the carburetor part (3), wherein preferably the inner Diameter (Dv) of the carburetor part (3) is at least 100mm.
    [4]
    4. furnace (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the upper region, preferably in the upper third of the carburetor part (3) a charging device (9) is arranged for the heating material, wherein preferably the charging opening in the jacket region (3a ) of the carburettor part (3) is arranged approximately in the region of a maximum filling height (h) of the heating material.
    [5]
    5. furnace (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the carburetor part (3) in a ground-level third at least one primary air supply (6).
    [6]
    6. furnace (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the burner part (4) in the region of the second combustion zone (12) at least one lateral first secondary air supply (7a, 7b).
    [7]
    7. furnace (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the carburetor part (3) in its jacket region (3a) has at least one further secondary air supply (8).
    [8]
    8. furnace (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the temperature in the region between the fuel bed upper edge and combustion zone between about 200 ° and 500 ° C.
    [9]
    9. firing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the bottom region of the Vergaserteiis (3) an ash disposal device (6) is arranged.
    [10]
    10. firing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the firing capacity is adjustable solely by an exact control of the primary air. 2010 06 21 Fu / Ec / Sc, / Patent Attorney / Dipl.-Ir, g. Michael Babeluk A-11S0 Vienna, MsriahiKef (Srtrtül 39/17 Τβ (,: t) H »M'ö Fa.« · 1 + 43 1) 892 89 333
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4463687A|1982-04-19|1984-08-07|E. K. Industries, Inc.|Powered downdraft gasifier|
    DE3922060A1|1989-07-05|1991-01-17|Norbert Harlander|COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR SOLID FUELS WITH SECOND BURNER|
    US5823122A|1994-09-30|1998-10-20|Alternative Energy Development, Inc.|System and process for production of fuel gas from solid biomass fuel and for combustion of such fuel gas|
    US5678494A|1995-03-22|1997-10-21|Ulrich; Gael|Biomass-fueled furnace|
    DE19850376C2|1998-11-02|2000-09-28|Univ Stuttgart|Device for burning bio and solid masses with primary pollution reduction - CO, NOx and dust|
    FI112798B|1999-07-28|2004-01-15|Valtion Teknillinen|Process and plant for gasification of a carbonaceous fuel in a fixed bed gasifier|
    DE20321670U1|2002-04-09|2008-10-23|Termocabi S.R.L., Pieve S. Giacomo|Burner for pellet fuel|
    US20030200905A1|2002-04-29|2003-10-30|Reed Thomas B.|Process for making a gas from solid fuels and burning the gas in a close coupled combustor to produce clean heat|
    HU0500434D0|2005-05-02|2005-07-28|Morvai Ferenc|Gasification and burning method and device for pellet from herbs|
    DE102006046599B4|2006-09-30|2012-02-09|Hochschule Karlsruhe-Technik Und Wirtschaft|Process and apparatus for the discontinuous combustion of fuels|
    EP2077311A4|2006-10-23|2012-08-01|Nagasaki Inst Of Applied Science|Biomass gasification apparatus|
    CN101059248A|2007-03-22|2007-10-24|马良奇|Blowing type domestic biomass half-gasification oven production method and the gasification oven|
    CN201043760Y|2007-05-30|2008-04-02|洛阳市工程机械设计所|Multi-head biomass environment-friendly gasification furnace|ITMI20121260A1|2012-07-19|2014-01-20|Laminox S R L|OPTIMIZED PELLET HEATING APPLIANCE|
    CN106090888B|2016-06-23|2019-02-22|佛山市洁冠科技有限公司|The reflective segmentation combined combustion method of biomass molding fuel and the burning structure suitable for this method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT10252010A|AT510063B8|2010-06-21|2010-06-21|FIRE FOR THE BURNING OF SOLIDS|AT10252010A| AT510063B8|2010-06-21|2010-06-21|FIRE FOR THE BURNING OF SOLIDS|
    EP11170106.6A| EP2397756B1|2010-06-21|2011-06-16|Furnace for burning solid fuels|
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